Which of the following is a potential complication of urinary retention in immobile clients?

A. Muscle weakness is a systemic effect of immobility and deconditioning rather than a direct complication of urinary retention. While the inability to ambulate to the bathroom may contribute to retention, the physiological process of retaining urine does not impact skeletal muscle fiber recruitment. The two conditions are independent clinical consequences of a sedentary or bedridden state. B. Dehydration is a fluid volume deficit that results from inadequate intake or excessive loss of fluids. Urinary retention involve the inability to empty the bladder despite the presence of urine, which is a problem of elimination rather than intake. While poor fluid intake might decrease urine production, it does not cause the mechanical failure of bladder emptying. C. Chronic urinary retention leads to the overdistension and stretching of the bladder wall (detrusor muscle) rather than shrinkage. This persistent stretching can result in a loss of bladder tone and decreased contractility over time. Bladder shrinkage, or reduced capacity, is more commonly associated with chronic inflammatory conditions or the long-term use of indwelling catheters. D. Urinary retention is a significant risk factor for the development of a urinary tract infection (UTI). When urine remains stagnant in the bladder, it provides a warm, dark environment that facilitates the rapid colonization and multiplication of bacteria. This stasis allows pathogens to ascend the ureters or irritate the bladder mucosa, leading to clinical infection and potential urosepsis.