Which of the following is an example of objective data?

Choice A reason: Pain is a subjective experience that cannot be felt or measured directly by the examiner. Even when quantified using a scale from 0 to 10, the information remains subjective because it relies entirely on the client's personal perception and verbal report of their internal physical state. Choice B reason: Objective data, also known as signs, are detectable by an observer or can be measured using a standard scale or device. A heart rate of 112 beats per minute is a precise, measurable clinical finding that any trained professional can verify through palpation or electronic monitoring. Choice C reason: Dizziness is a subjective symptom described by the patient. While the nurse might observe associated signs like staggering or pallor, the actual sensation of "feeling dizzy" is internal and cannot be independently validated through the nurse's senses or physical measurement alone during the assessment. Choice D reason: Anxiety is an emotional state and is classified as subjective data. Although physiological signs of anxiety—such as sweating or tachycardia—are objective, the client's verbalization of their feelings is a subjective report that the nurse records as part of the health history.