Which of the following medication classes can be used to treat PUD/GERD? (Select all that apply)

Choice A reason: NSAIDs, like ibuprofen, exacerbate peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) by inhibiting COX-1, reducing protective gastric mucus and increasing acid-related damage. They are contraindicated in these conditions, making this choice incorrect for treatment. Choice B reason: Antacids neutralize gastric acid, providing rapid symptom relief in PUD and GERD by reducing acid irritation on the esophagus and stomach lining. They are a standard, non-prescription option for mild symptoms, making this a correct choice for managing these conditions. Choice C reason: Laxatives treat constipation by promoting bowel movements but have no role in PUD or GERD, which involve acid-related damage to the stomach or esophagus. They don’t affect gastric acid or mucosal protection, making this choice incorrect for treatment. Choice D reason: H2 antagonists, like ranitidine, reduce gastric acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors on parietal cells, promoting ulcer healing and relieving GERD symptoms. They are a mainstay treatment for both conditions, making this a correct choice for effective management. Choice E reason: Proton pump inhibitors, like omeprazole, strongly inhibit gastric acid production by blocking the proton pump in parietal cells, allowing ulcer healing and reducing GERD symptoms. They are first-line therapy for PUD and GERD, making this a correct choice.