Which of the following statements is true of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Reasoning: Choice A reason: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is caused entirely by the maternal ingestion of ethanol during pregnancy. Since ethanol is a known teratogen that crosses the placental barrier, total abstinence from alcohol during gestation eliminates the risk of developing the syndrome, making it 100% preventable through public health education. Choice B reason: This statement is medically incorrect. FAS is characterized by highly specific dysmorphic facial features, including a smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, and short palpebral fissures. These distinctive physical markers are essential diagnostic criteria used by clinicians to distinguish FAS from other neurodevelopmental disorders or genetic conditions. Choice C reason: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome involves permanent structural brain damage and central nervous system deficits caused by prenatal ethanol exposure. While early intervention and behavioral therapies can improve functional outcomes and quality of life, the underlying neurological and physical damage is organic and remains irreversible throughout the individual's lifespan. Choice D reason: This description more accurately reflects the diagnostic timeline and criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). While children with FAS certainly face social and communication challenges, their diagnosis is based on maternal alcohol history, growth retardation, and specific facial dysmorphology, rather than a specific 30-month onset of social deficits.