Which of the following would surgical closure of the patent ductus arteriosus do?

A. Edema in the legs and feet is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure, not specifically with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). B. While oxygenation may improve after closure, the primary issue in PDA is not poor oxygenation but inefficient circulation. C. In PDA, oxygenated blood from the aorta flows back into the pulmonary artery, causing extra blood to return to the lungs. Surgical closure prevents this left-to-right shunt, thereby reducing pulmonary overcirculation and improving cardiac efficiency. D. The problem with PDA is not loss of unoxygenated blood to the systemic circulation — it’s the recirculation of already oxygenated blood to the lungs.