Which statement about the safety and efficacy of medications in children is accurate?

a) Children can participate in clinical drug trials when appropriate consent is obtained from parents or guardians and when the study complies with ethical guidelines. They are not excluded from trials entirely because they cannot give consent. b) Children can participate in various types of clinical studies, not just quasi-experimental ones, as long as the study follows ethical and legal guidelines for pediatric research. c) Data from adult clinical trials cannot always be directly applied to children due to physiological differences. Pediatric drug testing is necessary to ensure drugs are both safe and effective for children. d) Federal law mandates that drugs for children undergo testing in pediatric populations. This is to ensure that drugs are safe and effective for children, as they may respond differently than adults to medications.