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    Pharmacology Proctored exam 1

    Which statement is true regarding sublingual administration of medications?

    Explanation & Rationale

    A. The client places the medicine on top of the tongue: Sublingual administration requires placing the medication under the tongue, not on top, to allow direct absorption through the highly vascularized tissue of the floor of the mouth. Placement on top of the tongue reduces absorption efficiency and may result in the medication being swallowed, delaying its effect. B. The medicine must be absorbed through the digestive system: Sublingual medications bypass the gastrointestinal tract entirely. They are absorbed directly into the systemic circulation through mucous membranes, avoiding first-pass metabolism in the liver. Relying on digestive absorption would delay onset and reduce bioavailability. C. The onset of action is slower than the oral route: Sublingual administration generally produces a faster onset of action than the oral route because the medication enters the bloodstream directly. Oral medications must pass through the stomach and intestines and undergo first-pass metabolism in the liver, which slows and sometimes reduces their effect. D. The medicine is absorbed directly into the bloodstream: Sublingual medications diffuse through the mucous membranes under the tongue and enter the systemic circulation immediately. This direct absorption allows for rapid onset of action, making this route useful for medications like nitroglycerin, where prompt therapeutic effects are needed.

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