Which statements about anger, hostility, and aggression are accurate? Select all that apply.

In psychiatric nursing and behavioral health, it is essential to distinguish between emotional states, verbal behaviors, and physical actions. These concepts are related, but they represent different points on a spectrum of behavior and require distinct intervention strategies. Rationale: A. This statement is incorrect because physical aggression is not considered a normal or healthy human emotion. Anger is a normal emotion, but physical aggression is a destructive behavior that violates social norms and the safety of others. B. Hostility is indeed often referred to as verbal aggression. It involves an antagonistic attitude and behaviors such as yelling, sarcasm, insults, and threats. Unlike physical aggression, hostility is expressed through language and tone to intimidate or disparage another person. C. Physical aggression is defined by the intentional use of force to cause bodily harm to another individual or to damage property. It is the behavioral manifestation of extreme anger or hostility and often requires immediate safety interventions and de-escalation protocols. D. This statement describes the progression backward. Generally, hostility progresses to physical aggression, not the other way around. In the cycle of violence or the assault cycle, verbal cues (hostility) usually precede physical outbursts. E. Although the "fight or flight" response is associated with anger, anger is the primary emotion that triggers the sympathetic nervous system, increased heart rate, blood pressure, and adrenaline. Hostility is considered a more chronic, cognitive state of antagonism rather than the acute physiological surge characterized by the sympathetic response. F. Anger is a universal emotion and a subjective response to a real or perceived provocation, threat, or frustration. It is a normal internal feeling that can vary in intensity from mild irritation to intense rage, and it serves as a signal that a person’s boundaries have been crossed.