Which statements reflect appropriate IV fluid bolus practices in pediatric care? Select all that apply.

Choice A reason: Administering 20 mL/kg of isotonic fluid is the standard initial bolus for pediatric patients in shock or requiring volume resuscitation. It ensures rapid intravascular expansion. Choice B reason: Hypotonic fluids are contraindicated for rapid volume expansion due to the risk of causing hyponatremia and cerebral edema. They do not remain in the intravascular space effectively. Choice C reason: Normal saline and lactated Ringer’s are isotonic solutions suitable for fluid boluses. They restore circulating volume without altering serum osmolality significantly. Choice D reason: Infusing over 5–30 minutes allows for effective volume resuscitation while monitoring for signs of fluid overload or improvement in perfusion. Choice E reason: Avoiding fluid boluses in dehydration is incorrect. In cases of moderate to severe dehydration, especially with signs of hypovolemia, fluid boluses are necessary to restore perfusion.