Which substance can increase central nervous system depression if taken with diphenhydramine?
Explanation & Rationale
A. Metformin: Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent used to manage type 2 diabetes. It does not have sedative properties or significant central nervous system depressant effects, so it does not interact with diphenhydramine to increase CNS depression. B. Sedatives: Sedatives, including benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and alcohol, can enhance the central nervous system depressant effects of diphenhydramine. Concurrent use increases drowsiness, dizziness, and risk of impaired cognitive or motor function, which can be dangerous, especially in older adults. C. Soy sauce: Soy sauce is a dietary condiment and does not affect CNS activity. It does not potentiate the sedative effects of diphenhydramine and is not relevant to interactions involving CNS depression. D. Caffeine: Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that can counteract the sedative effects of diphenhydramine rather than enhance CNS depression. Its interaction is the opposite, potentially reducing drowsiness caused by antihistamines.