Which tool is most appropriate for assessing cognitive decline in a patient suspected of having a neurocognitive disorder?

Rationale: A. An EKG measures the electrical activity of the heart and is used to assess cardiac rhythm and detect abnormalities such as arrhythmias or myocardial ischemia. It does not provide information about cognitive function and is not appropriate for assessing cognitive decline. B. EEG records electrical activity in the brain and is primarily used to evaluate seizure activity, encephalopathies, or other neurological abnormalities. While it can provide indirect information about brain function, it is not a standard tool for assessing cognitive decline or dementia. C. The MMSE is a validated, standardized screening tool designed specifically to assess cognitive function. It evaluates multiple domains, including orientation, memory, attention, language, and visuospatial skills. The MMSE is widely used to detect cognitive decline, monitor progression of neurocognitive disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease), and guide clinical interventions. D. A CBC evaluates components of the blood (e.g., red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets) and can help identify anemia or infection, which may indirectly affect cognition. However, it does not directly assess cognitive function and is not used as a primary tool for detecting neurocognitive disorders.