Which treatment(s) may be used alone or in combination for the treatment of cancer? (Select all that apply.)

Rationale: A. Surgery is a primary treatment for many cancers and can be used alone to remove localized tumors or in combination with other treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation to improve outcomes. B. Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. It can be administered alone for localized cancers or in combination with surgery or chemotherapy to enhance treatment effectiveness. C. Immunotherapy stimulates the patient’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. It can be used alone or combined with other treatments depending on the cancer type and stage. D. Phlebotomy, which involves removing blood, is used for conditions like polycythemia vera or hemochromatosis, but it is not a treatment for cancer. E. Chemotherapy involves systemic administration of anti-cancer drugs to destroy rapidly dividing cells. It can be used alone for widespread cancer or in combination with surgery, radiation, or immunotherapy to improve outcomes.