While completing an admission assessment for a client with gastrointestinal bleeding, the nurse inspects the perianal area and anus. Which findings indicate a normal appearance of the anus?
Explanation & Rationale
A. A flap of tissue at the sphincter may indicate the presence of an external hemorrhoid or a skin tag, which are not considered normal findings and may suggest underlying pathology. B. Hypotonic tone of the anal sphincter is an abnormal finding that indicates a weakness or loss of muscle tone in the sphincter, which can lead to incontinence. This is not considered a normal appearance. C. A dimpled area above the anus can sometimes be a sign of a pilonidal cyst or sinus, which is an abnormal finding and requires further evaluation. It is not considered a normal anatomical feature of the anus. D. Increased pigmentation and coarse skin around the anus are common and normal findings, particularly in individuals with darker skin tones. This is the expected appearance of the perianal area and does not indicate any abnormality.