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    Exam Review

    1. An older woman tearfully tells a nurse, "I must buy my neighbor all of his groceries, or he will not drive me to the store or the doctor." This is an example of which type of elder mistreatment?
      A)Caregiver neglect
      B)Financial exploitation
      C)Abandonment
      D)Psychological abuse
    2. An older patient asks a nurse: "I went to my diabetes doctor, and everything was stable. The nurse practitioner spent the entire time teaching me about decreasing my risks of heart disease. It seemed odd that she did not focus on teaching me how to better control my diabetes. Do you know why?" The nurse formulates a response based on what understanding? (Select all that apply.)(SATA)
      A)There is little evidence that demonstrates that the course of DM can be altered in an older adult.
      B)Promoting cardiovascular health has the potential to minimize the complications of diabetes mellitus (DM).
      C)The benefits of better control of blood pressure and lipid levels are seen much quicker than the benefits of better glycemic control.
      D)Older adults are less receptive to teaching about diabetes than they are to teaching about cardiovascular disease.
      E)Diabetes is not a common chronic condition in older adults.
    3. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to assess spiritual distress in an older adult?
      A)Ask, "Do you have trouble sleeping?
      B)Ask, "Would you like to speak with a chaplain?"
      C)Ask, "Do you attend religious services?"
      D)Ask, "What gives your life meaning now?"
    4. Which statement made by a nurse regarding a resident of a long-term care facility requires follow-up by the nurse manager?
      A)"if he doesn't take his medication, he'll get no dessert tonight"
      B)"She can't take a walk outdoors today; it's much too cold and snowy"
      C)"The grandchildren have colds so they should not visit this week."
      D)"I don't understand why, but she wants a different doctor to see her”
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    Exam Review

    1. Which of the following reactions to the loss of a spouse or long term partner is a unique example of older adult male bereavement?
      A)Withdrawing from friends and family
      B)Focusing on "doing" rather than "feeling"
      C)Re-marrying within months of the loss
      D)Experiencing moderate to severe depression
    2. Which statements made by a couple who have recently retired support the nurse's evaluation that the transition to retirement has been a successful one? (Select all that apply.)(SATA)
      A)"One week I was working 50 hours and the next I didn't have to get up until noon."
      B)"I often wonder if my buddies from the plant miss me."
      C)"I'm afraid we can't make it that weekend; we'll be visiting the grandchildren."
      D)"We have found a few effective ways to reduce our monthly expenses."
      E)"I'm not accustomed to sharing my kitchen with anyone else."
    3. After retiring from a successful career, Mr. Jones devotes his time to mentoring underprivileged youth in his community. He says his greatest joy now comes not from personal achievements, but from helping others discover their own potential. He feels a deep connection to humanity as a whole and believes his purpose is to contribute to something greater than himself. Which of the following best describes Mr. Jone"s current motivation, based on Maslow's expanded theory of human needs?
      A)Self-actualization - He is focused on achieving his personal potential
      B)Esteem - He wants to be respected and feel accomplished.
      C)Transcendence - He seeks fulfillment through helping others achieve their potential
      D)Belongingness - He wants to feel accepted and connected to others.
    4. Mr. Davis, an 85-year-old widower with mild cognitive impairment, has recently moved in with his daughter, Linda, and her family. While Linda wants to ensure her father is safe and cared for, tensions have started to arise. Mr. Davis frequently criticizes how the household is run and often insists on doing things his own way. Linda finds herself feeling overwhelmed trying to meet everyone's needs. Her teenage children have also expressed frustration about the lack of privacy and changes in their routines. Which of the following is a common potential area of conflict when an older adult moves in with adult children?
      A)The older adult's desire for daily exercise
      B)The adult child's career satisfaction
      C)Conflicting routines and lifestyles
      D)Financial independence of the older adult
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    Exam Review

    1. What intervention should a nurse implement when an older male diagnosed with dementia is observed masturbating in the unit's dayroom?
      A)Remove the resident from the dayroom and complete an assessment of his behavior
      B)Cover the resident's lap with a blanket and leave him in the dayroom
      C)Counsel the resident by telling him that his behavior is inappropriate
      D)Distract the resident so that he will stop the behavior
    2. You are preparing a presentation on arthritis. You know the differences between osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) include that: (Select all that apply.)(SATA)
      A)OA is a localized process, whereas RA may be systemic
      B)Initial treatment of both OA and RA is usually nonpharmacological using heat or exercise
      C)Both OA and RA have an acute onset in older adults
      D)OA usually impacts distal interphalangeal joints; RA impacts proximal interphalangeal joints
    3. An older adult who was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation asks a nurse, "I feel fine. I have no symptoms at all with this heart problem, yet I am now on a blood thinner medication, which I understand can be very dangerous. Is this really necessary?" Your response is based on the understanding that:
      A)The risk of stroke is very high for a person with atrial fibrillation
      B)Untreated atrial fibrillation will likely caused a heart attack
      C)Atrial fibrillation can cause coronary heart disease
      D)Atrial fibrillation, while initially asymptomatic, will progress and become symptomatic
    4. An older client who was recently admitted to the subacute setting after having a knee replacement is very anxious and refuses to get out of bed, stating that it is too painful. Which intervention will the nurse implement?
      A)Use the Hoyer lift to get her out of bed so that the knee will not experience much movement and so there will be little pain
      B)Share with the patient that it's important to get out of bed and that there is pain medication available if it does hurt
      C)Offer pain medication, administer the medication, and wait 20 minutes before getting her out of bed
      D)Allow the patient to remain in bed, but share that getting up will be required at least twice a day starting the next morning
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    Exam Review

    1. A nurse is caring for an older adult who is in the pre-trajectory phase of the Chronic Illness Trajectory. The nurse knows that this phase is characterized by which of the following:
      A)Diagnostic testing being conducted
      B)A period of temporary remission from the crisis
      C)The absence of signs or symptoms of the illness
      D)A progressive decline in physical and or mental status
    2. The partner of a client comments, "Our sex life will certainly suffer now that he's had a heart attack." Which statement is the basis for the nurse's response?
      A)The client should no longer have sexual relations because of the demand on his heart
      B)The energy expenditure during sex is equivalent to briskly clinging six flights of stairs
      C)People with heart disease may reduce their sexual activity out of fear of their condition
      D)The couple will benefit from attending a cardiac support group
    3. Why is addressing a patient's spiritual needs important in holistic nursing care?
      A)It reduces the nurse's workload
      B)It ensures compliance with hospital policies
      C)It fulfills religious obligations of the nurse
      D)It supports the patient's overall health and well-being
    4. You are planning a health education on chronic illnesses for a group of seniors in the community. When deciding upon which illnesses to focus upon, you know that which of the following are the most common diseases in the United States? (Select all that apply.)(SATA)
      A)Osteoarthritis
      B)Diabetes
      C)Asthma
      D)Heart disease
      E)Cancer
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    Exam Review

    1. A client is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which diagnostic test will best evaluated the management plan prescribed for this client?
      A)Biannual cholesterol testing
      B)A yearly funduscopic examination by an ophthalmologist
      C)Quarterly hemoglobin A1C
      D)Regular foot examinations by a podiatrist
    2. Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a person who has achieved self-actualization, according to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
      A)Alex volunteers as an artist-in-residence, pursuing his passion for painting and mentoring others, feeling fulfilled and true to himself.
      B)Lisa is attending therapy to manage her anxiety and improve her emotional stability.
      C)David works two jobs to afford rent and groceries for his family
      D)Maria feels loved and supported by her close group of friends
    3. The major difference in the diagnosis of chronic disease between younger adults and older adults is that:
      A)Chronic disease is usually not identified in older adults because of the many age related changes
      B)Chronic illness is uncommon in younger adults
      C)Chronic disease is often diagnosed earlier in older adults since they are more likely to seek medical care
      D)A chronic disease is often diagnosed earlier in younger adults and measures can be implemented to prevent later problems
    4. When assessing the lower extremities of an older adult and noted is a small ulcer between the person's great toe and second toe. The ulcer has well-defined edges and there is no bleeding; however, there is a small amount of necrotic tissue present. This wound is most likely a(n):
      A)Arterial ulcer
      B)Surgical wound
      C)Venous ulcer
      D)Pressure ulcer
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    Exam Review

    1. You are caring for an older adult with cognitive impairment who recently had hip surgery. You assess the client for pain. You would suspect that the client is in pain when the client demonstrates which of the following? (Select all that apply.)(SATA)
      A)The client ate all of her meals
      B)The client pushes caregivers away when they attempt to change the dressing on her hip
      C)The client cries out repeatedly when anyone approaches her
      D)The client sleeps soundly throughout the night
      E)The client rocks back and forth repetitively when sitting in a chair
    2. An older adult is diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease. The nurse knows that this diagnosis is made on the presence of which of the following? (Select all that apply.)(SATA)
      A)Fluctuation of symptoms over the course of a 24 hour period
      B)A decline from previous level of functioning
      C)An insidious onset
      D)A gradual decline in cognitive abilities
      E)The cognitive changes worsen in the evening hours
    3. A nurse is assessing an older adult's respiratory status. Which of the following are normal age-related changes in the respiratory system? (Select all that apply.)(SATA)
      A)Stiffening of the chest wall
      B)Increased resistance to airflow
      C)Diminished cough reflex
      D)Loss of elastic recoil
      E)Decreased respiratory rate
    4. Which of the following are common age-related changes in the endocrine system? Select all that apply:(SATA)
      A)Reduced sensitivity to hormonal feedback
      B)Decreased hormone concentrations
      C)Increased number of hormone receptors
      D)Decreased function of endocrine glands
      E)Hyperplasia of the prostate gland
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